Canada is made up of 10 provinces and three territories. This guide introduces all 13 in their official order of precedence, with each region’s capital and a concise look at what makes it distinctive.
Province · Capital: Toronto
Ontario
Canada’s most populous province is shaped by the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. Ontario is known for Toronto’s business and cultural life, Ottawa’s national institutions, Niagara Falls, manufacturing, forests and extensive freshwater shorelines.
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Province · Capital: Québec City
Quebec
Quebec is Canada’s largest province by area and the centre of French-language culture in the country. It is known for historic Québec City, Montréal’s arts and food scene, the St. Lawrence River, hydroelectric power and the blue-and-white fleur-de-lis flag.
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Province · Capital: Halifax
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is an Atlantic province with a long maritime history. It is known for Halifax Harbour, Cape Breton Island, fishing communities, lighthouses, coastal scenery, Acadian heritage and a flag based on the historic arms of the province.
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Province · Capital: Fredericton
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is Canada’s only officially bilingual province. It is known for Acadian culture, the dramatic tides of the Bay of Fundy, forested landscapes, river valleys and coastal communities along both the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
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Province · Capital: Winnipeg
Manitoba
Manitoba connects the Prairies with the forests and lakes of central Canada. It is known for Winnipeg’s cultural institutions, Lake Winnipeg, agriculture, northern wilderness and the polar bears and beluga whales found around Churchill.
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Province · Capital: Victoria
British Columbia
British Columbia stretches from the Pacific coast through mountain ranges and interior valleys. It is known for Vancouver, Victoria, Indigenous cultures, forestry, film and technology, outdoor recreation and landscapes that range from rainforest to alpine peaks.
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Province · Capital: Charlottetown
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island is Canada’s smallest province. It is known for red soil, sandy beaches, farming, seafood, Anne of Green Gables and Charlottetown’s important place in the discussions that led to Canadian Confederation.
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Province · Capital: Regina
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a Prairie province whose southern grasslands give way to northern forests and lakes. It is known for wheat and canola farming, wide-open skies, potash, uranium and the western red lily displayed on its green-and-gold flag.
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Province · Capital: Edmonton
Alberta
Alberta combines Prairie landscapes, major cities and the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. It is known for energy and agriculture, Calgary and Edmonton, ranching traditions, and mountain destinations including Banff and Jasper national parks.
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Province · Capital: St. John’s
Newfoundland and Labrador
Canada’s easternmost province includes the island of Newfoundland and the mainland region of Labrador. It is known for colourful St. John’s, rugged Atlantic coastlines, fishing and maritime heritage, distinctive music and the vast wilderness of Labrador.
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Territory · Capital: Yellowknife
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories stretches from the boreal forest to the Arctic Ocean. It is known for Yellowknife, Great Slave Lake, the Mackenzie River, northern lights, Indigenous cultures, diamond mining and vast tundra and wilderness.
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Territory · Capital: Whitehorse
Yukon
Yukon is Canada’s westernmost territory, bordered by Alaska and dominated by mountains, rivers and boreal forest. It is known for the Klondike Gold Rush, Whitehorse, Kluane National Park, Mount Logan and exceptional northern-light viewing.
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Territory · Capital: Iqaluit
Nunavut
Nunavut is Canada’s largest and newest territory, created in 1999, with a predominantly Inuit population. It is known for Arctic landscapes, Inuit art and culture, the inuksuk on its flag, sea ice, wildlife and communities spread across a vast northern region.
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